Numerous quartz vein-type gold deposits occur in the Neoproterozoic Xiajiang Group, Jinping county, southwestern Guizhou Province, China, but the source of gold is an endless debate. A great number of the samples were collected from the Jinping-Pingqiu section of Xiajiang Group for analysis of trace elements and rare earth elements by ICP-MS and X-ray spectrum in the Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral. The results show that gold is mainly enriched in low metamorphic-sand rock, especially in lensoid low metamorphic-sand rock and the top of low metamorphic-sand rock overlaid by slate. Gold shows a positive relation especially with Mn, Sr and Cu, which is probably attributed to Mn's absorption to Au. Therefore, horizons with high Mn content are also enrichment in Au. Au show weak negative relation with Hg, W, Ba and As, and negative relation with Ti, Co and Au, indicating no relation between gold and terrestrial sediment. The distribution of rare earth element of 32 samples (except No.pq-15) sampled from the Xiajiang Group is very similar, showing that mixing of low-temperature fluid took place in the strata. Au is always enriched in the strata containing less amount of rare earth element, and this indicates that the fluid flows into sandstone because quartz in the sandstone dilutes the REEs. No. pq-15 sample with a high content of REE and Au is of completely different pattern of REEs from that in the Xiajiang Group, implying that gold not only originated from the Xiajiang Group but the deep fluid containing ore-forming materials.