论石英脉型钨矿成矿系统的相对封闭性—以湖南瑶岗仙脉型钨矿床为例
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Relative Closed Ore Forming System in the Tungsten Bearing Quartz Vein: A Case Study of the Yaogangxian Deposit, Hunan Province
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    摘要:

    石英脉型与矽卡岩型是最重要的两类钨矿床,其成矿作用过程与成矿机制不同。矽卡岩型钨矿成矿作用经历了大规模隐爆过程,沟通了岩浆系统与地下水系统,体系中有大量大气降水的参与,成矿物质主要来自岩浆岩,岩浆热液体系与地下水体系的混合是大规模成矿的重要机制。石英脉型钨矿则不然,虽然发育大规模的控矿断裂体系,但成矿分带不明显,甚至发生逆向分带,大部分钨矿顶部以线脉带尖灭于砂岩中,矿床外围也不出现独立的铅锌矿体;一般划分不出明显的多成矿阶段,也不发育隐爆角砾岩;成矿流体温度、盐度变化范围小,无明显的沸腾流体包裹体组合,成矿流体的混合或降温演化过程皆不明显;成矿物质及流体都来自岩浆岩,成矿过程中无显著的外来成矿物质和/或大气降水的参与。与矽卡岩矿床相比,石英脉型钨矿成矿系统总体表现为相对的“封闭”性。石英脉两侧的云英岩化蚀变规模较小,石英的δ18O及流体包裹体δD变化很小,成矿体系的水/岩比例较低。形成黑钨矿石英脉的成矿流体可能并非简单的岩浆期后热液,而是一类含水相对低富含硅质和成矿物质的高温流体,通过快速充填形成矿床。

    Abstract:

    The quartz vein-type and skarn-type are the most important kinds of tungsten deposits, are different in the ore forming process and mechanism. The metals mostly are of igneous sources in the skarn-type deposit, a giant brecciation communicate the magma and groundwater systems, which leads the hydrothermal fluid mixing with meteoric water, is the important role of the ore forming. Different from skarn type deposit, in the tungsten-bearing quartz vein system, there are large scale fracture controlling vein but no obvious vertical mineral zoning, no Pb-Zn deposits around the skarn, no breccia, and no obvious evolution stages. The homogenization temperature, salinity of the fluid inclusion are small range, i.e. 200°C~400°C, 2~8wt%NaCl, no evidence of boiling, no obvious mixing of magmatic and meteoric water, and no obvious decrease of the temperature and salinity in the evolution of the hydrothermal system. The ore-forming metals and water come from magma, no obvious meteoric water takes part in. Contract to the “opening” of the skarn-type deposit, tungsten-bearing quartz-vein formed in a relative closed system. The wall rock alteration of the vein is weak, and there is no obviously change of δ18O and δD values of the fluid inclusion, which suggests that the water/rock ratio of the ore forming system is very low. It is show that the vein formed from the fluid with low-water, rich in metals and silicon, but not from traditional post-magmatic hydrothermal.

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祝新友,王京彬,王艳丽,陈细音,傅其斌.2014.论石英脉型钨矿成矿系统的相对封闭性—以湖南瑶岗仙脉型钨矿床为例[J].地质学报,88(5):825-835.
ZHU Xinyou, WANG Jinbing, WANG Yanli, CHENG Xiying, FU Qibing.2014. Relative Closed Ore Forming System in the Tungsten Bearing Quartz Vein: A Case Study of the Yaogangxian Deposit, Hunan Province[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,88(5):825-835.

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2013-02-25
  • 最后修改日期:2013-05-08
  • 录用日期:2013-07-05
  • 在线发布日期: 2014-05-13