Jianchaling nickel deposit is related to a magnesium ultramafic rocks and acidic intrusive rocks. Geological studies have found that ore bodies mainly occur in ultramafic rocks which are north to granite porphyry. The ores is metasomatic, disseminated and network structure, which is the typical structure of hydrothermal alteration. Rock geochemistry, ore geochemistry and isotopic analysis showed that there are many differences between Jianchaling nickel deposit and typical magmatic sulphide deposits. Jianchaling nickel deposit, although inherited ultrabasic rocks into minerals, has been transformed by granite porphyry in the mineralization process and is a magmatic hydrothermal transformation type. Zircon U Pb dating results show that the granite porphyry U Pb age is 859 ±26 Ma and albite U Pb age is 844±26 Ma. Thus, the formation of the rocks and ores of Jianchaling Nickel deposite is Neoproterozoic Jinningian rather than Hercynian or Indosinian as the predecessors perceived. It responds to the early bearkup of the Rodinia supercontinent in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze plate.