青藏高原东缘非刚性书斜式断层模型的物理模拟实验研究
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本文为国家油气重大专项(编号2016ZX05003001和2017ZX05008001)资助的成果。


Analogue modeling of non- rigid bookshelf fault model in eastern Tibet Plateau
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    摘要:

    印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞导致青藏高原垂向上整体快速隆升的同时,也导致东缘被断裂分割的块体沿着大规模走滑断裂的横向滑移,这也是青藏高原演化变形的两种端元模型:大陆逃逸模式和地壳增厚模式。本文设计了三种非刚性书斜式断层模型,运用粒子速度场成像技术(PIV, Particle Image Velocimetry)监测模型表面变形。实验结果表明,非刚性块体边界受力前后,位移场、速度、剪应变和面应变会有明显的不同。根据实验结果主要得出两点结论:①青藏高原东缘的变形是连续的,块体内部发育了冲断带、裂谷系统和右行走滑断裂系统;②自中新世以来,青藏高原东缘主要经历了两阶段的演化,早中新世晚中新世(22~8Ma),既有左行走滑活动,也有块体的顺时针旋转,形成了近东西向的祁连山南山冲断带、积石山冲断带、祁漫塔格冲断带、渭河地堑以及近南北向的右行走滑断裂;晚中新世(8Ma)以来,块体旋转量极少,主要以左行走滑断裂为主,发育了近南北向的冲断带和裂谷系统。

    Abstract:

    The collision between Indian and Asian causes that blocks, which are separated by faults, laterally slide along largescale strike- slip faults and Tibet plateau rapidly uplift. These are also two endmember models of the evolutionary deformation of the Tibet plateau: continental extrusion model and crustal thickening model. The paper designs three non- rigid bookshelf fault models and use particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique to monitor surface deformation. Experimental results show that the displacement field, velocity, shear strain and area strain are obviously different within non- rigid blocks before and after boundaries between non- rigid blocks is stressed. Based on the experimental results, two conclusions are drawn: ① the deformation of the eastern margin of the Tibet plateau is continuous and the interior of blocks can form the thrust belt, rift system and dextral strike- slip fault system;②since the Miocene, the evolution of the Tibet plateau is mainly experienced two stages, from early Miocene to late Miocene (22~8 Ma), it not only have sinistral strike- slip motion, but also block clockwise rotation, giving rise to a nearly east- west trending Qilian Shan- Nan Shan thrust belt, Jishi Shan thrust belt, Qimen Tagh thrust belt, Weihe Graben and nearly north- south trending dextral strike- slip faults; Since the late Miocene (8Ma), there has been little rotation, mainly experiences left strike- slip motion, forming a nearly northsouth thrust zone and rift valley system.

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刘军,贾东,尹宏伟,沈礼,范小根,杨双.2020.青藏高原东缘非刚性书斜式断层模型的物理模拟实验研究[J].地质学报,94(6):1780-1792.
LIU Jun, JIA Dong, YIN Hongwei, SHEN Li, FAN Xiaogen, YANG Shuang.2020. Analogue modeling of non- rigid bookshelf fault model in eastern Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,94(6):1780-1792.

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-19
  • 最后修改日期:2020-05-28
  • 录用日期:2020-05-29
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-06-05