The Nanling region is the most important Bi metallogenic area in China and even in the world. Despite early efforts, their occurrence and genesis remain unclear. Ourcomprehensive study of the geological survey data and previous research has allowed us to obtain understanding of their spatial and temporal distribution, bismuth mineral characteristics,oreforming material source, and factors influencing precipitation. There are three metallogenic zones (South Hunan province, ChongYuYou and YuGan) and six styles of Bi mineralization (hydrothermal quartz vein, skarn, altered granite, fracturezone, fillingmetasomatism and porphyry). Hydrothermal quartz vein type has the most extensive distribution, but the skarn type enjoys the largest reserves.Both the Bi mineralization and related granitic magma emplacement in the Nanling region mainly occurred at 170~150 Ma. More than thirty bismuth minerals have been found in this region, including natural element, sulfide, sulfosalt, oxide, oxysalt, telluride, bismuthide and fluoride, with the sulfosalt being the most abundant. The bismuth mineral assemblages vary in different deposits, but show certain spatial zonal rules. The oreforming material was derived mainly from granitic magma with the addition ofmantle fluid. The mixture between magmatic fluid and airsaturated water at the middlelate fluid evolution stagemay have accounted for the mass Bi precipitation.