In arid and semi- arid areas, due to climate change and human disturbance, lakes have gradually shrunk, exposing large areas of dry lakebeds that become important dust sources, triggering a series of ecological environment and health problems causing widespread concern. The Qinghai- Tibet Plateau plays an important role in global climate and ecological environment changes. Strong winds prevail in the arid Qaidam basin, an important part of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau that hosts numerous salt lakes, with well developed topsoil salinization. It is one of the areas with frequent sandstorms on the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau. At the same time, the dust aerosol in the Qaidam basin has a relatively high soluble salt content, which will not only cause the expansion of the surface salinization, but also have an important effect on the climate by affecting cloud formation over the basin. Furthermore, the long distance transport of these fine particles may have an important impact on the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau, and even affect the global climate causing ecological environment changes. Therefore, the characterization and temporal- spatial characteristics of soluble salts of dustfall were analysed in the southern Qaidam basin. The objectives were to estimate the impact of soluble salts of dustfall on the enrichment of regional salt resources and the ecological environment. A total of 8 dust collection devices were installed in southern Qaidam basin from west to east along the dominant wind direction. The collected dustfall was analyzed for salt minerals and chemical composition. At the same time, the soluble salt composition and spatial distribution characteristics of different surface soil types were combined with the distribution characteristics of the backward trajectory in Golmud City and Dulan County for further discussion. The results show that the soluble salt of dustfall (Na+, Cl-, Ca 2+ , SO2- 4, Mg 2+ , K+, NO- 3, Li+, B 3+ (B2O 3), Sr 2+ etc.) were in the range of 2. 27%~20. 92%, of which these four ions (Na+, Cl-, Ca 2+ , SO2- 4) account for 74% to 95% of all water- soluble ions. These four ions mainly exist in halite and gypsum. In terms of spatial distribution, the content of soluble minerals and water- soluble ions are both higher in Hexi Balian and Balong Townships, and the lowest in Nomhon. From January to April in 2020, the basin was mainly affected by the westward airflow, most of which passed through the Yiliping, Taijinar Lake area in the middle east and the northern foothills of the Kunlun Mountain on the southern margin of the basin. Comparing the surface soil and dust fall chemical composition in the study area indicates that the water- soluble ions of the dustfall are mainly derived from the natural topsoil. Mg 2+ , K+, Li+ and B 3+ (B 2O 3) were obviously abundant in individual monitoring points, indicating that in addition to the influence of the nearby high- salt surface soil, the salt lake area also provides some contribution. The NO- 3 is mainly affected by man- made pollution sources. Comprehensive analysis suggests that under the influence of factors such as potential sources, wind conditions, topography and geomorphology, the salt dust released by the deserts and saline meadow will only affect a local area, and the deserts contribution to the salt dust is relatively weak. However, the salt dust from Yardang and playa widely distributed in the Middle East of the Qaidam basin has a relatively large impact. In addition, this study also conducted a rough assessment of salt deposition flux and potassium salt deposition flux, and found that at least 28108 tons of various soluble salt components and more than 703 tons of potassium ions are contributed by the annual dust fall. Therefore, it is hypothesized that atmospheric dust can be used as one of the replenishment sources of salt- forming substances in salt lakes, which has obvious resource and environmental impact.