The Neoproterozoic diamictite have recorded significant geological information about the “Snowball Earth” event. The outcrops are well developed in the Quruqtagh area along the northeastern margin, the Aksu area along the northwestern margin and the Yecheng area along the southwestern margin of the Tarim Block, which is an ideal research base for studying the Neoproterozoic glaciations. Based on the detailed field geological survey of the Neoproterozoic along the margin of the Tarim Block, this paper integrates the studies of stratigraphy, isotope chronology and petrogeochemistry. The focused key scientific issue of this project is the constraint on the deposition time of the Neoproterozoic diamictite, and establishes the Neoproterozoic glaciation framework. Comparative analysis of glaciations indicates that the Beyixi glaciation (Quruqtagh area) corresponds to the Kaigas glaciation (global). The Altungol glaciation (Quruqtagh area), the Qiaoenbrak glaciation (Aksu area), the Bolong glaciation (Yecheng area) correspond to the Sturtian glaciation (global). The Tereekan glaciation (Quruqtagh area), the Yuermeinak glaciation (Aksu area), the Yutang glaciation (Yecheng area) correspond to the Marinoan glaciation (global). The Hangelchaok glaciation (Quruqtagh area) corresponds to the Gaskies glaciation (global). Based on the correlation of glaciations, according to the latest classification scheme of the International Commission on Stratigraphy, it is suggested that the bottom boundary of the Nanhua System in the Tarim Block should be adjusted to be equivalent to the global Sturtian glacial sedimentary bottom. The development potential of the Neoproterozoic high- quality source rocks is analyzed by discussing the coupling relationship between Neoproterozoic ice age events and the development of ancient source rocks, and it is pointed out that there are good geological conditions for the Neoproterozoic hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tarim Block. The study of the Neoproterozoic glaciations in the Tarim Block is of great significance for the advance of the Precambrian basic geological research and deep- ultra- deep oil and gas exploration, and it is an effective starting point for basic scientific research on the Neoproterozoic.