The Central Uplift of the Tarim basin is a large- scale hydrocarbon accumulation belt in China. Based on systematic continuously measured temperature data of 9 wells and typical oil- testing temperature data of 86 wells, we studied present- day geothermal characteristics of the Central Uplift such as 0~6000 m geothermal gradient, terrestrial heat flow, and superdeep layer temperature distribution characteristics (6000~8000 m and Ordovician- Cambrian source rock bottom interface). The results show that the present- day geothermal gradients at depths 0~6000 m in this region range from 14. 1~27. 8 ℃/km with an average of 20. 6 ℃/km. The heat flow varies between 34. 4~60. 6 mW/m2, with an average of 46. 7 mW/m2. The temperature at the 6000 m range between 98. 1~180. 2℃ with a mean of 137. 4℃, while at 7000 m they range between 107. 4~198. 9℃ with a mean of 150. 0℃, at 8000 m they range between 117. 4~217. 5℃ with a mean of 162℃. Determined by basement relief, rock thermophysical properties and tectonic effects, the overall trend is gradually increasing from northwest to southeast. The bottom interface temperature of the Ordovician- Cambrian source rocks is between 81. 6~228. 2℃ and 91. 0~248. 6℃, respectively. Affected by the burial depth, the Ordovician- Cambrian source rocks temperature of the Bachu uplift is the lowest, followed by the temperature of the Tazhong uplift, with highest temperature of the Gucheng lower uplift, which affects the nature and preservation of oil and gas in a certain extent.This study not only clarifies the distribution characteristics of the superdeep temperature field in the Central Uplift, but also provides an important basis for future superdeep oil and gas exploration.