Understanding the topsoil phytoliths assemblages in different regions and their response to climate change, is the basis for using phytolith indices to recover paleovegetation and paleoclimate. The phytolith assemblages were analysed based on 103 topsoil samples from the Bashang area, Hebei Province, and classified into 14 types, including elongate, lanceolate, rondelle, saddle, bilobate, serrated, clumpy, flat, bulliform, prism, vertebrate, conduit, bow type, and special types. The phytolith assemblages mainly consist of elongate and lanceolate types, while shortcelled phytolith types were scarce. A comparison of the topsoil phytolith assemblages in the relatively warmhumid, warmdry, coldhumid and colddry zones of the study area, which revealed that the higher content of elongate types in cold zone, while the contents of bulliform type, flat type and saddle types were higher in warm zone. The lanceolate type, clumpy type and serrated type were dominant in the wet zone, warmwet zone and coldwet zone, respectively. This indicated that the topsoil phytolith assemblages in Bashang area were sensitive to the annual temperature and precipitation. This case study could be used as a baseline for interpreting fossil phytolith assemblages for palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate reconstruction in the Bashang area.