云南羊拉铜矿矽卡岩形成时代与矿床成因:来自石榴子石和磁铁矿组分的约束
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本文为矿床地球化学国家重点实验室前沿领域重点项目和中国科学院“百人计划”项目联合资助的成果。


Skarn geochronology and genesis of the Yangla Cu deposit in Yunnan Province: Constraints from garnet and magnetite composition
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    摘要:

    羊拉铜矿是金沙江缝合带中部已发现的规模最大的印支期铜矿床,矿体以层状—似层状产出于花岗闪长岩外围、变质砂岩与碳酸盐岩地层的层间破碎带中。该矿床在成因类型上存在喷流- 沉积成因、复合成因、矽卡岩成因等多种观点。本文以矽卡岩矿石中石榴子石、磁铁矿为研究对象,利用LA- ICP- MS原位微区分析技术开展了石榴子石U- Pb年代学和石榴子石、磁铁矿成分测试分析,以进一步限定该矿床成矿时代和成因类型。分析结果显示,石榴子石中U、Th、Pb的含量分别为1. 18×10-6~6. 69×10-6、0. 04×10-6~1. 43×10-6、0. 11×10-6~1. 16×10-6,获得Tera- Wasserburg下交点年龄为231. 0±5. 3 Ma(2σ,n=32,MSWD=2. 1),与矿区花岗闪长岩形成时代高度一致。结合磁铁矿微量元素组成与全球矽卡岩型矿床可类比等特征,明确羊拉铜矿床属于典型矽卡岩型铜矿床。石榴子石以钙铁榴石组分为主,具轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的配分模式,这可能受晶体化学和吸附作用共同控制;其显著Eu正异常和较低的U含量等特征综合表明,该石榴子石形成于弱酸性、富Cl和较氧化的流体环境。与国内外其他矽卡岩型铜矿床相比,羊拉铜矿石榴子石中含有显著高的Sn(485×10-6~7433×10-6,平均值为3931×10-6)和W(0. 20×10-6~736×10-6,平均值为156×10-6),磁铁矿中含有较高的Sn(115×10-6~778×10-6,平均值为405×10-6),这与全球含钨- 锡矽卡岩型矿床特征相似。据此,初步推测区内存在寻找W、Sn矿化的潜力。

    Abstract:

    The Yangla Cu deposit is the largest Indosinian Cu deposit in the middle segment of the Jinshajiang suture zone. The ore bodies are mainly developed in the periphery of the granodiorite and between carbonate and metamorphic sandstone with stratiform- like shape. Its genesis has been debated for decades with ideas including sedimentary exhalative, skarn, and superimposed models. In this contribution, garnet U- Pb age and the composition of garnet and magnetite were determined to further define the timing and genetic type of this deposit. The analysis showed that the garnets have U, Th and Pb contents of 1. 18×10-6~6. 69×10-6, 0. 04×10-6~1. 43×10-6, 0. 11×10-6~1. 16×10-6, respectively, and yielded an intercept age of 231. 0±5. 3 Ma (2σ, n=32, MSWD=2. 1). This represents the timing of skarn formation coeval with the generation of granodiorite. In combination with magnetite showing compositions similar to skarn deposits around the world, it is confirmed that the Yangla is a typical skarn Cu deposit. Garnets belong to andradite and are mainly characterized by enriched LREE and depleted HREE, which was controlled by both crystal chemistry and adsorption. In combination with their high Eu positive anomalies and low U concentrations, it is suggested they formed in a slightly low pH, enriched Cl, and relatively oxidized environment. Compared with other Cu skarn deposits worldwide, garnets at Yangla contain significantly higher Sn (485×10-6~7433×10-6, average 3931×10-6) and W (0. 20×10-6~736×10-6, average 156×10-6), and magnetites also have higher Sn (115×10-6~778×10-6, average 405×10-6). This is similar to the characteristics of W- Sn skarn deposits around the world. Combined with garnet U- W and Sn- U diagrams, it is proposed that W and Sn mineralization may have developed in the ore field.

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邓聚庭,朱经经,张海东,黄明亮,汪殿钟,刘月东.2023.云南羊拉铜矿矽卡岩形成时代与矿床成因:来自石榴子石和磁铁矿组分的约束[J].地质学报,97(4):1106-1122.
Deng Juting, Zhu Jingjing, Zhang Haidong, Huang Mingliang, Wang Dianzhong, Liu Yuedong.2023. Skarn geochronology and genesis of the Yangla Cu deposit in Yunnan Province: Constraints from garnet and magnetite composition[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,97(4):1106-1122.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-20
  • 最后修改日期:2022-06-02
  • 录用日期:2023-01-24
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-04-23