Abstract:Mud volcano is a mound structure formed by the eruption of underground muddy fluid to the surface or seabed. Its formation is directly related to oil and gas accumulation and gas hydrate mineralization. The eruption of mud volcano can easily cause engineering accidents, 〖JP〗and with the diffusion of a large amount of methane gasalso aggravates the greenhouse effect. Scholars at home and abroad have carried out many studies on the development, geochemistry and geophysical characteristics of mud volcanoes. However, there are still many controversies about its formation mechanism because the triggering factors may come from fault activity, earthquake, overpressure, etc. The heat transfer law of mud volcanic fluid and the control effect on hydrate formation and dynamic distribution needs to be further studied. At the same time, the carbon emission from mud volcanoes in the sea area is also a geological problem deserving attention. Therefore, we suggest selecting the typical mud volcanoes in the southwest Taiwan basin in the north of the South China Sea to carry out ocean drilling, to obtain a series of parameters such as the tectonic environment, sedimentary background, temperature and pressure field for the development of submarine mud volcanoes, to reveal the genetic mechanism of mud volcanoes, to establish the oil and gas leakage model of submarine mud volcanoes, and to explore the impact of the thermal action of mud volcanic fluids on the formation and distribution of hydrates. The research results have important guiding significance for the exploration and development of oil and gas in overpressure sedimentary basins, the research and exploration of seafloor leakage hydrate, and the analysis of neotectonicactivities and geological disasters.