深层—超深层碎屑岩储层非均质性特征与油气成藏模式
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本文为国家科技重大专项(编号 2017ZX08005-004)资助的成果


Heterogeneity characteristics of clastic reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation mode in deep- ultradeep basins
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    摘要:

    深层—超深层地质条件下,储层的孔渗物性特征和流体动力连通关系决定了油气在储层中的流动状态,这也就决定了油气运移的动力条件和聚集成藏的机理与过程。本文基于对深层—超深层碎屑岩储层结构非均质性的研究,认识深层—超深层油气运聚成藏机制和过程,总结油气多期复合成藏模式,探索深层—超深层油气分布规律。碎屑岩储层普遍存在强烈的非均质性,受到沉积结构构造及成岩作用控制,表现出空间结构性特征,在埋藏至深层—超深层的过程中经历了差异性的成岩演化和油气充注。结构非均质性储层中的油气总体向上倾方向运移,受储层中砂体分布、隔夹层结构以及连通方式的影响,油气运移路径的分布极不均匀,在储层中任何部位都可能聚集,并可能继续运移到有利圈闭中富集。在深埋过程中,多期多幕的构造变动促使深层—超深层储层中已聚集的油气向着上倾方向运移调整,或沿着断裂向上运移调整至中—深层与之相关的有效储层中运移、聚集。深层—超深层勘探具有更为广泛的目标选择,洼陷区和斜坡区都可能成为有利勘探区域。现实的深层—超深层油气勘探新领域包括:构造高点油气藏向供源方向的拓展,深层—超深层烃源由断裂调整至中深层—超深层的次生油气聚集,深层—超深层与油气源相关的斜坡带以及深层—超深层生烃洼陷优质烃源岩层内部及相邻的有效储层。

    Abstract:

    Under deep- ultra- deep geological conditions, the porosity and permeability physical properties and fluid dynamic connectivity of reservoir rocks determine the flow state of oil and gas in the reservoir, which also determines the dynamic conditions of oil and gas migration, the mechanism and process of reservoir formation. This study has investigated architectural heterogeneity of deep- ultradeep clastic reservoirs. Based on the new understanding, this study has examined hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism and process in deep- ultradeep basins, has proposed multistage composite accumulation mode, and explored deep- ultradeep hydrocarbon distribution laws. Deep clastic reservoirs have commonly strong architectural heterogeneity, that is characterized by regular rock facies stacking determined by the depositional structure. In deep burial process, the different rock facies in the reservoirs experienced contrasting diagenetic evolutions and hydrocarbon charge. In carrier beds with architectural heterogeneity, oil and gas generally migrate upwards. Affected by the distribution of sand bodies, tight interlayer structures, and connectivity modes, the migration pathways become very complicated and hydrocarbon can accumulate anywhere in the reservoir bed during migration. In deep burial process, multistage tectonic activities forced already accumulated hydrocarbons to migrate and adjust in the updip direction, or to migrate up through opening faults to be leaked into faulted- related effective reservoirs to accumulate. Deep- ultradeep exploration has a wide range of targets, as both subsags and slopes, may become favorable exploration areas. Practical target areas in deep- ultradeep exploration include extension belt toward sources from hydrocarbon accumulations in structural highs, secondary accumulations formed by migration of deep- ultradeep hydrocarbons up faults into shallower reservoirs, deep- ultradeep hydrocarbon source- related slope belts, and effective reservoir areas within or near the deep- ultradeep source rocks.

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罗晓容,杨海军,王震亮,张立强,张立宽,雷裕红,周路,张宝收,严一鸣,曹斌风,刘志达.2023.深层—超深层碎屑岩储层非均质性特征与油气成藏模式[J].地质学报,97(9):2802-2819.
LUO Xiaorong, YANG Haijun, WANG Zhenliang, ZHANG Liqiang, ZHANG Likuan, LEI Yuhong, ZHOU Lu, ZHANG Baoshou, YAN Yiming, CAO Binfeng, LIU Zhida.2023. Heterogeneity characteristics of clastic reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation mode in deep- ultradeep basins[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,97(9):2802-2819.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-08
  • 最后修改日期:2022-10-26
  • 录用日期:2022-10-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-10-10