The Huayangchuan uranium polymetallic deposit, a super- large, comprehensive deposit dominated by U- Nb- Pb with associated rare earth elements, presents a compelling case study for understanding the interaction of geological processes and ore body preservation. To unravel the exhumation history of this deposit, a systematic apatite fission track analysis was conducted on 10 gneiss samples strategically collected from the Huayangchuan mining area, guided by the distribution of the ore body. The results show that the obtained fission track ages range from 52. 0±2. 9 to 35. 2±0. 8 Ma, with average track lengths between 11. 5 and 13. 7 μm. Thermal history simulations, based on these data, indicate two distinct periods of rapid uplift and denudation in the Huayangchuan area since the Cenozoic: the Eocene (54~34 Ma) and the Middle Miocene to present (13~0 Ma), with a period of tectonic quiescence from the Oligocene to Middle Miocene (34~13 Ma). Integrating the fission track data with regional tectonic evolution, a comprehensive Cenozoic tectonic evolution model for the Huayangchuan area is constructed. It is considered that the rapid uplift and denudation in the Eocene period are attributed to the southward- to- northward thrusting of the Xiaohe fault and the extension of the Huashan piedmont fault. During the 34~13 Ma period, the study area experienceda period of relative tectonic quiescence. The rapid uplift and exhumation since 13 Ma are mainly affected by the Huashan piedmont fault, resulting in a north- to- south tilt of the study area. The fission track data and thermal history simulation show that the ore bodies located on the southeast side of the study area are well- preserved and have great prospecting potential.