The genesis of highly evolved rare- metal pegmatites,characterized by extreme element fractionation,is a complex and demanding process influenced by a multifaceted array of geological factors. These include the thermal history of magmatic- hydrothermal systems, magma migration paths, the availability of ore- forming spaces, the degree of undercooling during emplacement, and the initial enrichment of rare- metal elements within the parental magma. The distinctive zoning patterns observed within pegmatite, both at the regional scale of pegmatite groups and at the internal structural level within individual pegmatite vein, provide valuable insights into the dynamic evolution of magmatic environments during the crystallization and differentiation processes. These zoning patterns manifest as unique characteristics in the rock- forming minerals, thereby establishing a genetic code that can be deciphered to trace and assess the magma evolution and ore- forming potential and evolutionary history of granitic pegmatites.In the assessment of the ore- forming potential of regional pegmatite groups, the evolution of pegmatite groups and the potential for mineralization are influenced by the wide compositional range of ore- bearing melts. As the distance from the parent granite body increases and the pegmatite group undergoes further evolution, the content of iron- magnesium components and alkali- earth metals, such as Ca, Ba, and Sr, rapidly decreases in the melt. In contrast, volatile components, solvents, and alkali metal content gradually increase in the residual melt. This compositional evolution leads to significant changes in the categories and composition of feldspars, micas, and quartz. Feldspar evolves towards the potassium- sodium end- member, with albite dominating over K- feldspar. Micas undergo a transition from biotite to muscovite and lithium muscovite. Meanwhile, quartz exhibits systematic variations in cathodoluminescence characteristics, crystal structure, and trace element composition.Certain element ratios, such as K/Rb and K/Cs in feldspar, and K/Rb, K/Cs, and Nb/Ta ratios in micas,prove to be effective discriminators for differentiating pegmatite groups with different mineralization potentials. The cathodoluminescence characteristics of quartz inpegmatites provide valuable insights into their growth environment and history. Furthermore, analyzing the contents and ratios of trace elements, including Li, Al, Ti, and Ge, in quartz can aid in distinguishing different types of pegmatite rare element deposits and provide crucial insights into magmatic evolution and mineralization processes.The formation of internal zones in pegmatite is mainly controlled by factors such as the size of ore- forming melts, the degree of undercooling, and the closure of ore- hosting spaces. However, the initial composition of the melts can exhibit significant variations. Highly zoned rare- metal pegmatites preserve a comprehensive record of the entire magmatic- hydrothermal evolution process, with disinct changes observed in the crystal morphology, microstructure, and trace element composition of micas, quartz, and feldspars at different stages. In contrast, weakly zoned rare- metal pegmatites (i.e, albite- spodumenepegmatites) show less variation in the composition of rock- forming minerals within the pegmatite. These pegmatitesare significantly controlled by tectonic factors and can exhibit substantial differences in mineral composition across spatial areas compared to barren poor pegmatites, indicating the presence of fractional fluid processes between them.Furthermore, the long- distance transportation of felsic melt, which marked by the more thick crust or large- scale detachment faults is one of the most important favourable factors to form the superlarge pegmatite rare element deposits.