Potash, a strategic element in short supply in China, has profound importance for ensuring national food security, social stability, and sustainable economic development. Over the past 70 years, generations of potash researchers have made significant achievements in potash exploration and development in China. However, geological, structural, and paleoclimatic factors have resulted in relatively poor ore- forming and enrichment conditions, making potash exploration in China inherently challenging. Domestic potash production currently falls short of meeting national demand, necessitating long- term reliance on imports. China's potash dependency exceeds 50%, creating a tight supply- demand situation. In recent years, overall investment in potash exploration has declined, and the number of mineral exploration and mining rights has decreased annually. This article analyzes the risks facing China's potash resource exploration and development, considering factors such as international competition, Western countries' “desinicization” efforts, the global distribution of potash resources, and prevailing production patterns. It proposes that China should take full advantages in the potash industry and market, develop top- level design and planning, effectively utilize both domestic and foreign resources, and promote cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative to ensure the security of its potash resources. Furthermore, this paper advocates for innovation to cultivate new productive forces in potash exploration and development, overcoming domestic resource limitation and leading the sustainable and high- quality development of the international potash industry.