松辽盆地南部辉绿岩侵入热力作用与砂岩铀矿中铀的超常富集
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注:本文为国家重点研发计划项目(编号 2023YFC2906702)、陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(重点)项目(编号 2022JZ- 18)、中核铀业“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(编号 202302)和中石油煤层气有限责任公司科学研究与技术开发项目(编号 2023- KJ- 22)联合资助的成果


The relationship between thermal intrusion of diabase and super- enrichment of uranium elements in sandstone uranium deposits of the southern Songliao basin
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    摘要:

    松辽盆地南部钱家店铀矿作为特大型砂岩型铀矿,矿区内出露的辉绿岩对铀成矿影响特殊,但针对辉绿岩侵入与铀超常富集关系有待进一步研究。本文在野外地质调研基础上,选择钱家店凹陷的辉绿岩和赋矿砂岩样品为研究对象,开展岩相学、扫描电镜、电子探针、全岩主微量元素、铀矿物原位微区U- Pb测年、锆石U- Pb年龄、矿物C- O同位素和流体包裹体测试等研究。电子探针测试表明赋矿岩石存在较高温度成因的网格状含钛铀矿物;赋矿砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物及辉绿岩中方解石脉的包裹体温度测试均发现存在与中低温流体作用相对应的包裹体特征;矿物原位微区C- O同位素组成显示赋矿岩石受较高温度岩浆热流体作用的影响;含泥砾砂岩的岩相学特征指示存在岩浆热流体及火山灰(屑)作用的痕迹,高倍扫描电镜分析观察到非砂金成因的纯金细颗粒、含钛铀矿和沥青铀矿中具有不同含量的高温元素(Pt、Os、Re)。上述结果表明,松辽盆地南部钱家店铀矿的热力作用及部分深部矿质来源与辉绿岩侵入作用有关。辉绿岩地球化学特征和LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年数据表明拉斑系列的辉绿岩形成于41. 6±0. 78 Ma,即始新世晚期源自过渡型地幔的基性岩浆向地壳浅部侵入结晶形成辉绿岩,同时也提供了热、深部铀源及伴生的金属元素,这大大增强了铀富集的速度和规模。不同系列的辉绿岩侵入热力作用与多期次多阶段成矿的铀矿床具有较好的时空耦合关系,辉绿岩侵入对铀成矿发挥主要作用的阶段在始新世时期(53~40 Ma)。综合认为盆地南部铀矿床为多成因、多来源、多阶段成矿的“多因复成”矿床。

    Abstract:

    The Qianjiadian uranium deposit, located in the southern Songliao basin, is a super- large sandstone- type〖JP〗 uranium deposit. The exposed diabase in the mining area exerts a significant impact on uranium mineralization. However, the precise relationship between diabase intrusion and abnormal uranium enrichment requires further investigation. This study, based on field geological investigations, focuses on diabase and uranium ore samples collected from the Qianjiadian depression. A comprehensive suite of analytical techniques was employed, including petrography, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), major and trace element analysis, in- situ U- Pb dating of uranium minerals, zircon U- Pb dating, in- situ carbon- oxygen (C- O) isotope analysis of minerals, and fluid inclusion studies. EPMA revealed the presence of grid- like, titanium- bearing uranium minerals within the ore, indicative of high- temperature genesis. Fluid inclusion analysis of carbonate cement and calcite veins in ore- bearing sandstone and diabase indicated fluid interactions characteristic of medium to low temperatures. In- situ C- O isotope compositions of minerals suggest the influence of high- temperature magmatic hydrothermal fluids on the ore- bearing rocks. Lithological characteristics of mudstone and sandstone further support the presence of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and volcanic ash (debris). High- resolution SEM analysis identified distinct contents of high- temperature elements (Pt, Os, Re) in nativegold particles, brannerite deposits, and pitchblende deposits, suggesting diverse origins. These findings strongly suggest that the thermal effects and deep- sourced mineral contributions associated with the Qianjiadian uranium deposit are related to diabase intrusion. Geochemical characteristics and LA- ICP- MS zircon U- Pb dating of the diabase reveal a tholeiitic composition with a formation age of 41. 6±0. 78 Ma. This Late Eocene magmatism, originating from the transitional mantle, intruded and crystallized in the shallow crust, forming diabase. The intrusion provided heat, deep- sourced mineral components, and associated metallic elements, greatly enhancing the rate and scale of uranium enrichment. A strong spatiotemporal correlation exists between the thermal effects of different series of diabase intrusions and the multi- stage mineralization of the uranium deposit. The Eocene period (40~53 Ma) represents the stage where diabase intrusions played a major role in uranium mineralization. Overall, the Qianjiadian uranium deposit in the southern Songliaobasin is a “multi- genesis compound mineralization” deposit, characterized by multiple genesis, diverse sources, and multi- stage mineralization processes.

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王苗,吴柏林,刘池洋,张涛,张才利,张雷,胡琮,杨松林,刘明义,李琪,林周洋,张效瑞.2024.松辽盆地南部辉绿岩侵入热力作用与砂岩铀矿中铀的超常富集[J].地质学报,98(12):3788-3813.
WANG Miao, WU Bailin, LIU Chiyang, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Caili, ZHANG Lei, HU Cong, YANG Songlin, LIU Mingyi, LI Qi, LIN Zhouyang, ZHANG Xiaorui.2024. The relationship between thermal intrusion of diabase and super- enrichment of uranium elements in sandstone uranium deposits of the southern Songliao basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,98(12):3788-3813.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-31
  • 最后修改日期:2024-11-30
  • 录用日期:2024-12-03
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-12-13