古特提斯构造演化及其成矿作用
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本文为国家自然科学基金地质联合基金项目(编号U2244204)和战略性关键金属矿产成矿动力学重大研究计划项目(编号92262302)联合资助的成果


The Paleo- Tethys tectonic evolution and corresponding metallogenesis
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  • LI Wenyuan

    LI Wenyuan

    1) MNR Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xian, Shaanxi 710054, China;2) Xian Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xian, Shaanxi 710054, China;3) School of Earth Science and Resources, Changan University, Xian, Shaanxi 710054, China
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    摘要:

    前人关于古特提斯构造演化及其成矿作用研究相对较为薄弱。本文在古特提斯特定的演化阶段和相对发育空间范围的研究基础上,从区域成矿学的视角,依据青藏高原北部及邻区晚古生代—早中生代的成矿事实,提出古特提斯洋发育南、北两分支。北支位于康西瓦- 阿尼玛卿- 勉略缝合带和西金乌兰- 金沙江- 甘孜- 理塘缝合带之间,是古特提斯主洋。它向北低角度洋- 陆俯冲形成类安第斯型活动大陆边缘,在阿尼玛卿缝合带和昆仑、西秦岭造山带中分布了众多的内生金属矿床;向南高角度洋- 洋俯冲,形成了类马里亚纳型的沟- 弧- 盆体系。在南、北羌塘之间发育的龙木错- 双湖缝合带代表了古特提斯洋南支,即为弧后扩张的结果。本文通过讨论古特提斯洋开启—闭合时限及古特提斯的构造旋回演化过程,将古特提斯成矿作用划分为与离散有关和聚敛有关的两大类。前者以早泥盆世的夏日哈木超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床、泥盆纪西成厂坝超大型Sedex型铅锌矿床、晚石炭世玛尔坎苏大型沉积型菱锰矿床和早二叠世德尔尼大型塞浦路斯型VMS铜钴矿床等为代表;后者以众多的中—小型晚二叠世—三叠纪斑岩- 矽卡岩型多金属矿床、浅成中—低温热液型金锑矿床、VMS型多金属矿床、陆源火山岩型铅锌矿床为代表,特别是东昆仑、西秦岭的三叠纪超大型岩浆热液型金矿床和出露于巴颜喀拉地体东、西两端的晚三叠世甲基卡、大红柳滩超大型伟晶岩型锂铍矿田为代表大规模成矿事件是构造转换过程物质循环和元素重组的结果,古特提斯构造旋回开启的裂解事件,对应于夏日哈木超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床;古特提斯洋闭合以及其后印支期陆- 陆碰撞及后碰撞伸展造山运动,造就了西昆仑- 松潘甘孜伟晶岩型锂等稀有金属成矿带。古特提斯构造演化- 岩浆活动- 成矿作用的系统研究有待加强,这将有利于指导青藏高原北部新一轮找矿战略突破行动。

    Abstract:

    The study of the Paleo- Tethys tectonic evolution and its mineralization are relatively weak. In this paper on the basis of defining the specific evolutionary stage and relative decelopmental spatial range of the Paleo- Tethys, from the perspective of regionanal mineralization, based on the late Paleozoic- early Mesozoic mineralization facts in the northern part and adjacent areas of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau, it is proposed that the south and north branches of the Paleo- Tethys ocean, and the north branch between the Kangxiwa- Animqing- Mianlue suture belt and the Xijinwulan- Jinshajiang- Ganzi- Litang suture belt are the main ocean of the Paleo- Tethys. It substrate to the north low angle ocean- continent subduction of the Andean- like active continental margin, in the Animqing suture belt and Kunlun and west Qinling orogenic belt, forming a large number of endogenous metal deposits; to the south high angle ocean- ocean subduction, forming the Mariana- like trench- rac- basin system and the south branch of the Paleo- Tethys represented by the Longmuco- Shuanghu- suture belt between the south and north Qiangtang, which is the result of post arc expansion. According to the evolution model of the Paleo- Tethys tection cycle, the Paleo- Tethys mineralization is devided into two types: the major extensional and the major compressional tectional seyyings. The former is characterized by the output of early Devonian Xiarihamu super- large magmatic nickel- cobalt sulfide deposit, Devonian Xichenchangba super- large Sedex lead zinc deposit, late carboniferous Maorkansu largr sedimentary manganese deposit and early Permian Derni Cyprus VMS type copper- cobalt; the latter with numerous medium- small late Permian- Triassic porphyry- skarn type polymetallicdeposits, epithermal gold antimony deposits, VMS type polymetallic deposits, terrestrial volcanic rock type lead- zinc deposits output, especially Triassic magmatic hydrothermal gold deposits in the east Kunlun and west Qinling, and late Triassic Jiajika and Dahongliutan super- large pegmatite lithium- beryllium deposits exposed in the east and west ends of Bayanhar terrane. Large- scale mineralization event is the result of tectonic transformation, and the cracking event of the Paleo- Tethys tectonic cycle opening formed the Xiarihamu super large magmatic nickel- cobalt sulfide deposit; the closure of the Paleo- Tethys ocean and Indosinian orogeny of the continent- continent collision and post- collision created the development of the most important pegmatite lithium and other rare metal metallogemic belt in West Kunlun- Songpan Ganzi, China. It is urgent to strengthen the overall systematic research of tectonic evolution- magmatic activity- metallogenic response of the Paleo- Tethys, and serve the new round of prospecting breakthrough strategi action in the northern part of Qinghai- Tibet Plateau.

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引用本文

李文渊.2024.古特提斯构造演化及其成矿作用[J].地质学报,98(11):3255-3273.
LI Wenyuan.2024. The Paleo- Tethys tectonic evolution and corresponding metallogenesis[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,98(11):3255-3273.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-16
  • 最后修改日期:2024-08-16
  • 录用日期:2024-08-16
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-11-29