喜马拉雅成矿带锂- 铍- 铷- 铯超常富集规律与稀有元素找矿潜力预测
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本文为国家自然科学基金项目“西部重点成矿带关键元素超常富集时空分布规律与战略资源效应”(编号U2244219)资助的成果


Super- enrichment patterns of Li, Be, Rb, and Cs and geochemical prediction for rare element deposits in the Himalayan metallogenic belt
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    摘要:

    稀有元素锂、铍、铷、铯地壳丰度低,需要数百至上千倍的超常富集才能成矿,导致其矿产资源分布极不均匀,发现稀有元素超常富集区是战略资源找矿预测的关键,特别是在青藏高原这种野外条件极困难的工作区。全国地球化学基准图揭示喜马拉雅成矿带锂、铍、铷、铯等稀有元素超常富集规律。这一超常富集的特点是:①锂、铍、铷、铯都发生超常富集,富集系数均大于2,其中喜马拉雅成矿带是铯和铍的全国最强富集区,是锂、铷的全国第二强富集区;②富集区异常规模达104156 km 2,富集中心面积均超过1000 km 2;③超常富集区沿喜马拉雅造山带呈近东西向展布,从西向东依次分布于札达县—日土县、吉隆县—聂拉木县、定日县—拉孜县、江孜县和洛扎县—错那县—隆子县一带;④异常核心区主要与含有电气石、石榴子石、锂辉石等淡色花岗岩密切相关,特别是铯的大规模超常富集,证明了喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩为高度结晶分异的花岗岩;⑤目前该成矿带内已发现定日县琼嘉岗和洛扎嘎波两处伟晶岩型锂矿,以及错那县境内错那洞钨- 锡- 铍矿床,喜马拉雅稀有元素超常富集区具有寻找锂- 铍- 铷- 铯等稀有金属矿床的潜力。

    Abstract:

    The trace contents of rare elements such as Li, Be, Rb, and Cs in the Earth's crust require hundreds to thousands of times enrichment for the formation of economically viable mineral deposits. This results in an extremely uneven distribution of these resources, making the delineation of super- enriched targets crucial for mineral exploration, especially in extremely difficult access areas in the Tibet Plateau. National geochemical baseline maps have revealed distinct super- enrichment patterns for Li, Be, Rb, and Cs in the Himalayan metallogenic belt. These patterns exhibit the following characteristics: 1) All four elements display super- enrichment, with enrichment indices exceeding 2.0. Among them, Be and Cs exhibit the strongest enrichment areas in China, while Li and Rb show the second strongest enrichment; 2) the total area of enrichment reaches 104156 km 2, with enrichment centers exceeding 1000 km 2 in size; 3) abnormally enriched areas are distributed in a near east- west direction along the Himalayan orogenic belt, extending from west to east through Zhada- Ritu County, Jilong- Nielamu County, Dingri- Lazi County, Jiangzi County, and Luozha- Cuona- Longzi County; 4) The anomalous center areas are mainly closely related to leucogranites containing tourmaline, garnet, spodumene, and other minerals. The large- scale supernormal enrichment of Cs strongly suggests that these Himalayan leucogranites are highly fractionated granite; 5) currently, two pegmatite- type Li deposits have been discovered in the Qinjiagang of Dingri County and Gabo of Luozha County, as well as the Cuonadong W- Sn- Be deposit in Cuonao County. The Himalayan rare element super- enrichment areas hold significant potential for the discovery of new Li, Be, Rb, and Cs deposits.

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王学求,周建,刘汉粮,李龙雪,吴慧,王玮.2024.喜马拉雅成矿带锂- 铍- 铷- 铯超常富集规律与稀有元素找矿潜力预测[J].地质学报,98(11):3274-3284.
WANG Xueqiu, ZHOU Jian, LIU Hanliang, LI Longxue, WU Hui, WANG Wei.2024. Super- enrichment patterns of Li, Be, Rb, and Cs and geochemical prediction for rare element deposits in the Himalayan metallogenic belt[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,98(11):3274-3284.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-02
  • 最后修改日期:2024-09-02
  • 录用日期:2024-09-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-11-15