The term the Archean Taihua Group in western Henan has been used more than thirty years, but no fossils have been found in it. In recent years, by using the methods of thin-section and maceration the author has discovered many microfossils in Xiaoqinling region, including spheroids, filamentous algal, plant fragments and unknown forms, in graphite gneisses, quartzites, feldspathic quartzites and marbles of medium- to high-grade metamorphic complexes. The horizons, in which microfossils were found, and their petrological characteristics are described in this paper. A comparison is made between the materials found in the study area and those in other places of China (Anshan and Dabie Mountains). Thus the author comes to a conclusion that the upper subgroup of the Taihua Group in the Xiaoqinling area in western Henan should be of Proterozoic age.