The Turpan—Hami basin is a coal—bearing rich in hydrocarbon．A lot of oil fields，whose source rocks are jurassic coal measures，have been discovered in the basin．The basin evolution was characterized by extension in the initial stage and compression in the main basin—forming stage．In the main basin—forming zone，sinistral shear structures predominate with complicated and highly varied structural styles．The basement is pre—Permian rocks，and the sedimentary covers are mainly the Mesozoic and Cenozoic．The Lower to Middle Jurassic Shuixigou Group is a coal——bearing Sequence，and also an important hydrocarbon—generating interval．The Middle Jurassic is a main reservoir interval of coal—generated hydrocarbon，and the Upper Jurassic brown red mudstones serve as regional seals．The generation and evolution of coal—related hydrocarbon are characterized by multi—component compounding，early generation and early expulsion of hy— drocarbon and enrichment in both oil and gas．The distribution of oil fields is controlled by corn— bined efects of the oil一generating depression，paleostructures，oil—migrating faults and various dekaic sands．