Ostracod fossils described in this paper were collected from the Sarezheyi Formation of the Qiudayisayi section in the northeast area of the Tarim basin. The formation consists lithologically of grayish brown calcareous lithic sandstone, siltstone and silty mudstone. Fossils are rich and include nine genera and 16 species, making up an ostracod fauna represented by Roundyella, Heal-dia, Sulcella and Bairdia. The more abundant forms are Roundyella and Healdia with subordinate Sulcella, Bairdia and Pseudoparaparchites. The new species form the bulk of the fauna, so the fauna displays a very strong endemic character, which makes the fauna notably different from the ostracod fauna dominated by Bairdia in Early Permian strata of southern China. The fossils associated with ostracods are fusulinids, conodonts and foraminifers. This fauna is Early Permian in age and it is inferred that it might belong to the forms living in a warm, semi-enclosed shallow-sea bay environment with weak hydrodynamic conditions.