There is a direct relation between the color of ideal crystals (including sapphire) and the varieties and contents of the trace transition metal ions occupying their lattice. Sapphire occurring in basalt contains multiple kinds of trace transition ions. These ions are direct factor for colouring of sapphire. Each kind of ions can absorb the visible light of a specific spectrum. Fe3+ and Si4+ are the main ions that make sapphire blue, Cr3+ ions can make sapphire green, Mn4+ ions make sapphire yellow, and Co2+ makes sapphire blue. The diagram of characteristic absorption of visible light by each trace element in sapphire, i. e. the wavelength vs. absorbance diagram, has been constructed, which is coincident with the theoretical value and integrates the absorption positions of each ion in sapphire and its relative absorption intensity.