The Hengshan Neoarchean high-pressure granulite terrain is one of the best preserved high-pressure granulite regions in the central North China Block (NCB). This paper shows in detail the characteristics of the high-pressure granulite and describes the various structural forms of this terrain and their distribution in the field. It also gives a tectonic and genetic sequence of this region. It is concluded that the terrain has expierenced four stages of deformation, (1) a ductile shearing during the formation of the high-pressure granulites; (2) a southwestward extensional detachment indicated by the extensive shallow ENE-WSW lineations and horizontal shearing in the northern part; (3) a west-east dextral strike-slipping shearing; and (4) a southeastward extensional detachment characterized by normal faults dipping gently to the southeast in the whole region. The last two extensions finally raised the high-pressure granulites to the upper crust and the whole process probably lasted from 2. 5 Ga to 1. 8 Ga.