This paper reviews the research progress presented at the 37th International Geological Congress covering key areas such as geodynamics, ore deposit genesis, mineral resources development and emerging Earth exploration technologies. In the field of tectonic evolution advancements in numerical simulation and high-precision geophysical observation techniques have facilitated a deeper understanding of subduction zones orogenic belts and continental rifting processes while also posing new challenges to plate tectonics theory. Significant breakthroughs have been made in the study of ore deposit genesis leading to new insights into the formation mechanisms of key metal deposits (such as lithium cobalt nickel rare earths) orogenic gold deposits porphyry copper-gold deposits and IOCG deposits while machine learning techniques have also been applied to mineral resource prediction. In the realm of energy resource exploration researchers have extensively explored petroleum reservoir formation mechanisms geothermal energy development and utilization and the sustainability of mineral resource development with a particular focus on unconventional oil and gas resource development. Emerging Earth exploration technologies including high-precision isotopic geochemical techniques remote sensing technologies geophysical imaging techniques and artificial intelligence show great potential in mineral exploration resource evaluation and environmental monitoring. Future Earth science research will place greater emphasis on interdisciplinary integration and technological innovation enhancing data sharing and international collaboration to address global challenges and provide critical scientific support for the sustainable development of human society.