Based on the results of recent studies on the imaging of the Earth’s interior, not only the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings have formed multiple basin—mountain structures, but the entire Tethys tectonic belt is full of Phanerozoic basin—mountain structures. The results of this paper show that continental collision is not the main cause of the formation of the basin— mountain tectonics, but the land- to- land subduction after the collision is the main cause of the formation of the basin—mountain structural systems. The formation dynamics of the basin—mountain systems could be fitted as follows: after the collision of the continental blocks, the oceanic lithosphere was completely subducted into the asthenosphere, and its upper mantle undergoes a transformation from the oceanic lithosphere to the asthenosphere, and dissipated and subsidence, began to form basin—mountain structures on both sides of the collision suture. As the movement energy of the land block continued to propulsion, one land block subducted below the crust of the other land blocks, and the continental lithosphere were further deformed, forming a series of basin—mountain structures, resulting in the enrichment of oil, gas and ore deposits. Thus, the entire Tethys tectonic belt became the most mineral- rich zone in the world.