Great power competition is a major theme in today’s world. Strategic minerals are essential to a country’s economic development and are not only indispensable for military applications and national defense security, but are often profoundly influenced by geopolitics. It is of great significance to study the strategic key minerals in China and support the construction of national security by studying the application prospects of strategic minerals in the military under the background of great power competition. In view of the current frequent conflicts in the world, this paper starts from strategic minerals, combs the representative strategic mineral military application fields of energy, metal and non- metallic minerals respectively, puts forward suggestions for strategic mineral renewal and supply chain security according to the current situation of China, discusses the application prospects of strategic minerals in the future, provides a certain reference value for the military application of strategic minerals in China, and provides effective support for the realization of China’s medium and long- term mineral resources security.