As the most severe of the five major global extinction events in geological history, the Late Permian mass extinction led to the loss of approximately 81% of marine species and 75% of terrestrial species in the ecosystem. A systematic review of the extinction patterns and mechanisms at the Permian—Triassic boundary (PTB) holds significant practical importance for predicting the recurrence of large- scale extinction events.Methods: An analysis of the evolution of terrestrial plants, tetrapods, and marine organisms at the end of the Permian was conducted based on paleontological data from multiple global sections. Regarding the causes of the end- Permian mass extinction, factors such as ocean acidification, marine anoxia, ocean warming, sea- level fluctuations, ancient wildfire events, and weathering conditions were discussed.Results: The SLIP outbreak promoted the release of a large amount of greenhouse gases buried in the sediments of inland basins and continental shelves into the atmosphere, and the rapid global warming led to the land crisis in advance. Extreme dry weather promoted the frequent forest wildfires and the collapse of terrestrial ecosystems. The intensification of continental weathering caused a large number of debris to be injected into the ocean, resulting in serious eutrophication, hypoxia of submarine organisms, ocean acidification and disturbance of Marine paleoproductivity, etc., resulting in the occurrence of Marine extinction events. However, the lag of terrestrial extinction led to the end of the terrestrial crisis later than the Marine extinction event. Conclusions: The extinction of EPME species was characterized by regional, selective and phased extinction. The eruption of the Siberian Igneous Province (SLIP) is highly coupled with the EPME time, and SLIP and its associated series of secondary events are considered to be the main driving force of EPME and the main factor of delayed biological recovery. The duration, intensity and regional distribution of some secondary events, such as ocean hypoxia and sea water warming, are still controversial, and a single secondary event cannot independently support EPME, which is the result of the comprehensive superposition of multiple factors.